Fortran 90 Compiler Mac
Fortran 90 Compiler Mac

Compiling and Running Fortran Programs - a basic guide

http://www.fortran.gantep.edu.tr/compiling-g95-basic-guide.html

CONTENTS

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1. Introduction
This guide is for Fortran programmers using central Linux serverssuch as gul3, gul4 and gul5, where the g95 compileris installed.This guide covers at a basic level topics relating to the compilation of program sources;it is not a guide to the Fortran programming language (I have however included a section onKIND types is given at the end of this guide.

2. File name Convention
File names ending in .f90 and .f95are assumed to be free source form - suitable for Fortran 90/95 compilation.
File names ending in .f and .forare assumed to be assumed fixed form source - compatible with old Fortran 77 compilation.

3. Compiling a program
The role of g95 Fortran compiler is to compile your Fortran source code intoan executable program.Consider that you have a Fortran 95 source file calledmyprog.f90. The simplest command for creation of anexecutable is then:

g95 myprog.f90

This creates the executable program called a.out

You can give a more meaningful name to your executable by using the -o option:

g95 myprog.f90 -o myprog

This creates the executable program called myprog Medialink usb wireless n adapter drivers.

The path of include files can be given with the-I option, for example:

g95 myprog.f90 -o myprog -I/home/fred/fortran/inc
or
g95 myprog.f90 -o myprog -I$MYINC

where the environment variable MYINCis set with:

MYINC=/home/fred/fortran/inc/

4. Compiler Options
As for any Fortran compiler, g95 provides many options that control its behaviour.The basic and recommended options are given here, a more detailed description can be found athttp://www.g95.org/docs.shtml.

Speed optimisation
The -Olevel option performs some optimisation ofthe executable and can lead to significant increases in executation speed. Example:

g95 myprog.f90 -o myprog -O2

Warning options
The -Wlevel option enables most warning messagesthat can be switched on by the programmer. Such messages are generated at compile-timewarning the programmer of, for example, unused or unset variables. Example:

g95 myprog.f90 -o myprog -O2 -Wall

It is advisable to use -Olevel option as some warningoptions rely on flow analysis provided by this option.

Runtime options
Various run-time options can be selected, these options cause extra code to be added to the executableand so can cause significant decreases in execution speed. However these options can be very useful duringprogram development and debugging. Example

g95 myprog.f90 -o myprog -O2 -fbounds-check

This causes the executable to check for 'array index out of bounds conditions'.

Recommended options
For teaching students Fortran programming, and during program development in theresearch environment, I advise something like the following options as they help the programmer to program with safety in mind.

g95 myprog.f90 -o myprog -Wuninitialized -Wimplicit-none -Wunused-vars -Wunset-vars -fbounds-check -ftrace=full -O2

If speed of executation is important then the following options will improve speed:

g95 myprog.f90 -o myprog -Wuninitialized -Wimplicit-none -Wunused-vars -Wunset-vars -O2

On central interactive Linux servers in the university, the fortran command(or simply f) provides these options by default, example:

fortran myprog.f90

is equivalent to

g95 myprog.f90 -o myprog -Wuninitialized -Wimplicit-none -Wunused-vars -Wunset-vars -fbounds-check -ftrace=full -O2

Type fortran with no arguments to find the up-to-datelist of default arguments.

Fortran 90 Compiler Mac

5. Compiling subprogram source files
It is sometimes useful to place sub-programs into separate source filesespecially if the sub-programs are large or shared with other programmers.If a Fortran 90/95 project contains more than one program source file,then to compile all source files to an executable program you can usethe following command:

g95 main.f90 sub1.f90 sub2.f90 sub3.f90 -o myprog Free photo face recognition software.

In this example main.f90is the main program source and sub1.f90,sub2.f90, sub3.f90 are files contain subprogram sources.

A working example:
Consider the following main program sourcemain.f90 and three sub-programsources sub1.f90, sub2.f90, sub3.f90.

The sources are:The four sources can be compiled together with the command:

g95 main.f90 sub1.f90 sub2.f90 sub3.f90 -o myprog

The program is run by simply typing its name:Note that in this example the subroutines are external(as in Fortran 77).
In Fortran 90/95 subroutines can also be written in a module.
In this case the program sources are:The two sources can be compiled together with the command:

g95 mod.f90 main2.f90 -o myprog

Note that in this command the module appears before the main programso that the functions are defined before they are referenced in the main program.

6. Creating and linking object and library files
When working on large projects, especially projects that are sharedbetween a number of programmers/users, it is useful to create object filesor libraries of object files that can be shared between programmers and users.In part 5 the compilation of multiple source files is described.For example:

g95 main.f90 sub1.f90 sub2.f90 sub3.f90 -o myprog

If a subprogram is complete it is not necessary to recompile it againand again during the development of other parts of the project. Completedsubprograms can be compiled into object files that can be linked duringthe compilation of the whole program, for example: